A.Guedes (2004), USAID

This document provides a literature review and analysis to the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Bureau for Global Health (GH) on programs in developing countries that have addressed or challenged gender-based violence with a link to the reproductive health (RH)/HIV sectors.

Strengthening Resistance is designed as an overview of the most salient issues, and is meant for activists and policy makers alike who may be familiar with HIV/AIDS, violence against women or human rights but not necessarily the nexus across all of these areas. The report highlights nine creative advocacy initiatives from different countries and regions, offers recommendations to a range of actors and contains a resource section for further study.

P. Gordon and K. Crehan (2000), United Nations Development Programme, Social Development and Poverty Elimination Division (SEPED) Conference Paper Series #1

This preliminary overview of available literature suggests that within the context of gender and the HIV epidemic, sexual violence is a complex phenomenon with multiple determinants, consequences and manifestations. UNAIDS estimated that by December 1997, 30.6 million people around the world had been infected with HIV, with more than 70% of these infections occurring through unprotected sexual intercourse. The overall proportion of these infections that are attributable, directly or indirectly, to sexual violence is unknown. Nonetheless, existing evidence on gender and sexual inequality and available information on the nature and scale of sexual violence (particularly against women and girls), suggests that it is likely to be significant.

Program on International Health and Human Rights, Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health. (2006)

This is a review of publications addressing aspects of the intersection between gender-based violence (GBV) and HIV.

This report documents research conducted in 16 countries to assess governments’ progress on their commitments to gender equality, women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights, and violence against women and girls.  Villela, W; Nilo , A . Gestos - Brazil, 2008. Countries: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Chile, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Peru Mexico, Nicaragua, Thailand, South Africa, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela.